Volume 21 Issue 1
Clinicoepidemiologic Profile and Outcome of Preterm Neonates With Reference to Maternal Determinants
Kshirsagar Vinayak Yadavrao, Mohite Rajsinh Vishwasrao
Abstract
Background: Preterm birth is a major clinical concern in obstetrics and neonatology as it is associated with morbidity, mortality, and disability.
Aim: To assess the clinicoepidemiologic profile of women with a high risk of preterm delivery and early outcome of neonates in a rural tertiary care hospital
Materials and Methods: This prospective, descriptive, epidemiologic study was conducted in a tertiary care center of Krishna Institute of Medical Science located in rural Maharashtra (India). A total of 140 preterm neonates were enrolled and analyzed using a proforma designed to document desired neonatal and maternal characteristics. All the participants were interviewed and examined in a healthcare setup and data were statistically analyzed.
Results: Of the 140 preterm neonates, 92.8% were singleton, 50% were born at gestational ages between 35 and 37 weeks, and 79.2% neonates were appropriate for gestational age. The incidence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia was 59%, followed by respiratory distress in 47%. A total of 81.4% mothers presented with obstetric risk factors that led to preterm births. The significant risk factors were pre-eclampsia (25.7%) premature rupture of membranes (15.7%), and anemia (10.7%). A total of 22.1% preterm neonates died. The major contributing factors include gestational age between 20 and 30 weeks, poverty (30.2%), and bad maternal obstetric history (26.6%).
Conclusion: The survival of preterm neonates was better with advanced gestational age. Bad maternal obstetric history and poverty significantly influenced the incidence of preterm births. Provision of appropriate care during pregnancy and conduction of awareness programs on maternal health in rural areas may help reduce preterm birth.
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