Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in Pregnancies Complicated With Pregestational and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Ayya Lintang Maheswara, Razmaeda Sarastry, Herman Kristanto, Julian Dewantiningrum, Putri Sekar Wiyati

Abstract

Background and Aim: Diabetes during pregnancy is closely related to pregnancy and childbirth complications. This study analyzed maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated with pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Materials and Methods: This was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. Totally, 57 women were examined, of which 39 had PGDM and 19 had GDM. The data were analyzed using 2 test and Fisher’s exact test.

Results: There were no maternal deaths in either group. Preeclampsia was significantly higher in the PGDM group compared with that in the GDM group. The occurrence of perinatal deaths and asphyxia was the same in both groups. Premature births were higher in the PGDM group than in the GDM group. The body weight of the neonates whose mothers had GDM appeared to be high. Intrauterine fetal death rates were higher in the GDM group than in the PGDM group. Congenital anomalies (eg, polydactyly, meningocele, and holoprosencephaly) were found in the neonates born to mothers with GDM, whereas there were no congenital anomalies in the neonates born to mothers with PGDM.

Conclusion: Major maternal and perinatal outcomes observed in pregnancies with GDM and PGDM were pertaining to preeclampsia and congenital anomalies.